Vertex is an implementation of the Q2Q protocol (sort of like P2P, but one better). There are a few moving parts in Vertex:

• PTCP: a protocol which is nearly identical to TCP, but which runs over UDP. This lets Q2Q penetrate most NAT configurations.
  
• JUICE ([JU]ice [I]s [C]oncurrent [E]vents): a very simple but immensely flexible protocol which forms the basis of the high-level aspects of Q2Q
  
• vertex: a command line tool which exposes a few features useful in many situations (such as registration and authentication)
  

Q2Q is a very high-level protocol (alternatively, transport) the goal of which is to make communication over the internet a possibility (if you enjoy setting up tunnels or firewall rules whenever you need to transfer a file between two computers, Q2Q may not be for you). Q2Q endpoints aren't hardware addresses or network addresses. They look a lot like email addresses and they act a lot like instant message addresses. You can hook into yours wherever you can access the internet, and you can be online or offline as you choose (Q2Q supports multiple unrelated protocols, so you also might be online for some services but offline for others). Two people with Q2Q addresses can easily communicate without out-of-band negotiation of their physical locations or the topology of their networks. If Alice wants to talk to Bob, Alice will always just open a connection to bob@divmod.com/chat. If Bob is online anywhere at all, the connection will have an opportunity to succeed (Bob might be busy or not want to talk to Alice, but that is another matter ;). The connection is authenticated in both directions, so if it does succeed Alice knows she is talking to the real Bob and vice versa.

The Q2Q network has some decentralized features (there is no one server or company which can control all Q2Q addresses) and features of centralization (addresses beneath a particular domain are issued by a server for that domain; once issued, some activities require the server to be contacted again, while others do not). Vertex includes an identity server capable of hosting Q2Q addresses.